1. 3 min

    Money, Money, Money

    Not long ago, I learned that thirty-eight percent of my retirement account has vanished and that my house is suddenly worth less than the mortgage I am paying on it. I wasn’t wasteful or reckless. I didn’t vandalize my own home or spend my life’s savings on riotous living. But all of a sudden, through no particular fault of my own, a major part of my stash of money (small though it was) simply disappeared.
    This did not just happen to me, of course, but to virtually all Americans and to virtually everyone else in the world. The economic downturn — or collapse, recession, crisis, call it what you will — took us all by surprise.
    We were enjoying unprecedented wealth and prosperity. Then, unexpectedly, the stock market crashed, financial institutions folded, and ordinary Americans defaulted on their homes and lost their jobs.
    Wealth had always seemed solid, tangible, and practical. We assumed we were storing our money in the bank, envisioning perhaps the old comic books of Scrooge McDuck with his Money Bin piled to the ceiling with dollar bills and quarters. A concern for money was “materialistic,” as if money were material. We spoke of “real estate,” as if our estate were real.
    If we didn’t have enough of the so-called “hard” cash to buy what we wanted, we could borrow it. So we bought hard material objects by means of plastic, using illusory money as if we would never have to pay it back.
    Well, pretty much the whole country did this, and now the house of cards has collapsed. Ironically, to fix the economy, to put us back where we were, our government is injecting money back into the system, doing so by borrowing it, indulging in deficit spending, and cranking out more illusory money.
    I am not an economist or the son of an economist. I offer no opinion here about the gold standard or fiat money. We can learn, though, that treasures on earth are not substantial, permanent, or reliable. We should have known that from Jesus (Matt. 6:19).
    So how are Christians to think of money? Jesus also informs us that we cannot serve God and money (v. 24). “Serving” money turns it upside down. Money has to do with serving our neighbors. This is to approach economics in terms of the Reformation doctrine of vocation.
    According to that teaching, which is essential to any theology of culture, God in His providential governing of the world works through human beings. He gives us this day our daily bread by means of farmers, bakers, grocers, and the hands that prepared our meal. For all of this we thank God in our prayers because He blesses and serves us through all of these different vocations.
    And God works through our vocations to bless and serve others. God did not design for us to be completely independent. His will is for human beings to be dependent on each other. We depend on others to grow our food, build our houses, and manufacture our clothing. And

    Gene Edward Veith
  2. 3 min

    3 Things You Should Know About Job

    suffering is not always tied to sinfulness. Job teaches us that righteous people will also suffer in a fallen world. As Job 1:1 reveals to us, Job was an upright, blameless, and righteous man. Yet, as the rest of the book reveals to us, he suffered greatly.
    By setting before us the example of a righteous person who suffers, the book of Job provides us with a helpful corrective to what is sometimes referred to as “retribution theology.” Retribution theology maintains that people suffer in response to their unrighteous actions and are rewarded for their righteous actions. Job’s friends embraced this errant theology, and we modern believers can be tempted to do the same. Thankfully, the book of Job uncovers the falsehood in such thinking by reminding us that God allows righteous people to suffer for His good and wise purposes, even when the details of those purposes are often not revealed to those who endure such suffering.
    1. Job prefigures the redemptive work of Jesus Christ.
    One way that the book of Job points us to the work of Jesus Christ is through Job’s desire for someone to mediate between himself and God. As the story unfolds, Job begins to question God and, at one point, becomes exasperated, crying out for a mediator to represent him before God (Job 9:32–35). Of course, the New Testament reveals to us that God provided such a mediator in Jesus Christ (1 Tim. 2:5–6).
    But the primary way the book of Job prefigures the redemptive work of Christ is by teaching us that a righteous man may encounter great suffering to accomplish God’s wise purposes. As we have seen, the righteous Job was allowed to suffer in order to vindicate both God and Job. Of course, Jesus, who was perfectly righteous in every way, was allowed to suffer the wrath of God to accomplish the wise purposes of God’s redemptive plan and secure the salvation of His people. The story of Job foreshadows the story of the cross, and it is in the story of the cross that we find the true meaning and significance of suffering.

    Anthony Selvaggio
  3. 5 min

    The Ligonier Valley Study Center Early Years

    In February 1970, Mrs. Dora Hillman, the widow of the industrial tycoon J. Hartwell Hillman, came to visit R.C. and Vesta Sproul in Cincinnati, Ohio. Mrs. Hillman was excited about R.C.’s teaching, with which she became acquainted through R.C.’s ministry as the associate pastor of teaching and evangelism at College Hill Presbyterian Church in Cincinnati. Mrs. Hillman, along with the heads of several different Christian ministries in the area of Pittsburgh, Penn., wanted to open a study and conference center featuring R.C. as its teaching theologian, and she offered fifty-two acres of property for such a center near Stahlstown, Penn., an hour east of Pittsburgh. R.C. was to train Christian leaders serving in organizations dedicated to reaching Pittsburgh for Christ. Thus, the Ligonier Valley Study Center was born.
    In the summer of 1971, the Sprouls, along with Jim Thompson and his family, moved from Cincinnati to Stahlstown. Jim, an engineer with Proctor & Gamble, had developed an audio ministry at College Hill Presbyterian Church. Jim, his wife, Cathy, and their four children took up residence in the old stone farm house while R.C., Vesta, and their two children occupied a new home that also doubled as the lecture facility. Within a year, Steve Gooder and his family joined the staff, building a large two-story home overlooking the property. Tim and Marilyn Couch, who bought a farm down the road, also came on staff at the study center. Stone East was built during that time, providing space for offices, a kitchen and dining room, and a few small bedrooms.
    In many ways, the study center was modeled after Francis Schaeffer’s L’Abri in Switzerland. Students came for extended periods of study, paying part of their fees in cash and working off the rest doing yard work, cooking, cleaning, audio tape duplicating, and a host of other jobs. In that first year, the students lived and ate in the staff homes with the families. On the weekends, church groups would come in for seminars taught by R.C. on a subject of their choosing. These groups numbered up to thirty people, and they were assigned sleeping quarters in the staff homes. They also ate their evening dinner with one of the families.
    The weekend seminars gave Jim Thompson’s tape ministry the opportunity to record R.C.’s lectures, creating a vast library of audio teaching tapes that began to spread rapidly around the country. R.C. traveled often to speak at churches and conferences, expanding the Christian world’s awareness of the Ligonier Valley Study Center and Reformed theology.
    Lecture series were first videotaped over Thanksgiving weekend in 1974. Jack and Linda Rowley, who had sat under R.C.’s teaching in Cincinnati, came to record R.C. in a way that would carry his teaching into churches, schools, and Bible studies throughout the nation. Soon R.C. was reaching hundreds each week in Cincinnati by video. Former students who were unable to visit the study center could once again sit under R.C. through this new technology. In 1977, the Rowleys left Cincinnati where Jack had

    Jack Rowley
  4. 1 min

    Ask Ligonier with Derek Thomas

    On Tuesday, March 1, Dr. Derek Thomas joined us as a special guest on our Ask Ligonier team to answer your biblical and theological questions live online.
    Dr. Thomas is senior minister of the First Presbyterian Church in Columbia, S.C., and Chancellor’s Professor of Systematic and Pastoral Theology at Reformed Theological Seminary. He is a Ligonier Ministries teaching fellow and author of many books, including Let Us Worship God, How the Gospel Brings Us All the Way Home, Calvin’s Teaching on Job, and Strength for the Weary.
    This special online event was streamed live on YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter. You can watch a recording of the event below.

    Ligonier Updates
  5. 3 min

    Announcing Dr. Derek W.H. Thomas as the Dean of the Doctor of Ministry Program at Ligonier Academy

    United States to serve as minister of teaching at First Presbyterian Church in Jackson, Miss. In 2011, he became associate pastor at First Presbyterian Church in Columbia, S.C., and in 2013 became senior minister there. He is also the Robert Strong Professor of Systematic and Practical Theology at Reformed Theological Seminary in Atlanta. Originally from Wales, he graduated from the University of Wales (B.S.), Reformed Theological Seminary (M.Div.), and the University of Wales (Ph.D.). He is the author of numerous books, including How the Gospel Brings Us All the Way Home, Calvin's Teaching on Job: Proclaiming the Incomprehensible God, and Praying the Saviour's Way: Let Jesus' Prayer Reshape Your Prayer Life.
    Dr. Thomas will serve as dean remotely from his home in Columbia, South Carolina, as he continues his roles at both First Presbyterian Church and Reformed Theological Seminary. We are so thankful to the Lord for the gifts that He has given Dr. Thomas, and we trust that his service to the pastors in the D.Min. program will be a blessing to the church.

    Stephen Nichols
  6. 2 min

    2014 National Conference Preview — Derek Thomas

    Dr. Derek W.H. Thomas is the Distinguished Visiting Professor of Systematic and Historical Theology at Reformed Theological Seminary in Jackson, Miss. He is also the senior minister at First Presbyterian Church in Columbia, SC, and editorial director for The Alliance of Confessing Evangelicals. Among Dr. Thomas’ many books are Praying the Saviour's Way and Calvin's Teaching on Job.
    Here's a preview of what he'll be addressing at our 2014 National Conference in March:
    Saving the World
    Throughout history, well-meaning Christians have sought to save and change the world through earthly means. In this session, Dr. Derek Thomas will explore what it means to be a remnant. He will affirm that Sodom was destroyed not because of a lack of hospitality, as liberals claim; nor because of perversions, as conservatives claim; but because God did not find ten righteous men in the city. Dr. Thomas will explain that we change the world by being the church.
    How Then Should I Live in This World?
    Ours is an ethically confused world. Materialist scientists tell us that since all is matter, there is no ultimate basis for judgments of "good" and "evil." Relativists claim that what is "good" for one person or culture may not be "good" for another person or culture. Some Christians have largely absorbed the secularist worldview to the point that their lives are virtually indistinguishable from the lives of nonbelievers. In this session, Dr. Derek W. H. Thomas will help Christians get a grasp on the true foundation of ethics in the Word of God, and he will examine how this foundation helps us to make wise decisions on a wide range of issues.
    Derek Thomas has spoken at many Ligonier conferences and you can find his past messages here. Below is a message, "Be Ye Holy" from our 2009 National Conference, "The Holiness of God," where he explained the importance and necessity of individual sanctification as well as the means God has provided for it.
    2014 National Conference Overcoming the World: Being a Christian in a Post-Christian Culture Registration | Speakers | Schedule | New Conference Video
    On March 13–15, 2014, we will host our annual conference in Orlando, Fla. Our theme is "Overcoming the World: Being a Christian in a Post-Christian Culture." Please consider joining us as we look to God's Word, considering Christ's victory over the world, what it means to be in the world but not of the world, how we are to engage non-Christian worldviews, and other topics. Register today and save $20.

    Ligonier Updates
  7. 4 min

    2010 Ligonier National Conference - Derek Thomas

    Dr. Derek W.H. Thomas is the John Richards Professor of Practical and Systematic Theology at Reformed Theological Seminary in Jackson, Miss. He is also the minister of teaching at First Presbyterian Church in Jackson and editorial director for The Alliance of Confessing Evangelicals. Among Dr. Thomas’ many books are Praying the Saviour's Way, Mining for Wisdom, and Calvin’s Teaching on Job. Dr. Thomas addressed the question How Do We Know Which Interpretation is Right?
    WE HAVE SOMETHING MORE SURE
    2 Peter 1:16-21 reads: "For we did not follow cleverly devised myths when we made known to you the power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, but we were eyewitnesses of his majesty. For when he received honor and glory from God the Father, and the voice was borne to him by the Majestic Glory, “This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased,” we ourselves heard this very voice borne from heaven, for we were with him on the holy mountain. And we have something more sure, the prophetic word, to which you will do well to pay attention as to a lamp shining in a dark place, until the day dawns and the morning star rises in your hearts, knowing this first of all, that no prophecy of Scripture comes from someone's own interpretation. For no prophecy was ever produced by the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit."
    Note the "we have something more sure" -- more sure even then a voice from heaven! This something is the Word of God: The 66 books of the Old and New Testament. Every word and sentence, in all of its diversity, comes from one Author. I believe in verbal, plenary inspiration. Scripture is the very voice of God. Infallible and inerrant.
    I believe the Bible is the Word of God because it says so. That may sound circular, but if the Bible is God's word, what higher authority can there be on the Bible but the Bible itself? As Calvin said, the Bible is self-authenticating.
    Whatever the Bible is teaching, that teaching is true. If the Bible is teaching us science, then it is true. If it is teaching us about ourselves, that teaching is true. Etc. We come to the Bible with a pre-commitment to accepting whatever it teaches.
    Is the Bible full of contradictions?
    No. There are things in the Bible that we do not fully understand. A few challenges: Matthew and Luke have different names for Joseph's father. Luke 3:23 says "Heli" and Matthew 1:16 says "Jacob". But that could be because Joseph's mother was a widow who remarried, or because Joseph was regarded as a son by his father in law.
    Similarly, the accounts of those who visited the tomb on Sunday morning can be reconciled.
    2 Sam 24 says that God provoked David to number the people. And Chronicles says that Satan did it. But we see this elsewhere, as in the account of Jesus' crucifixion in Acts 2: God

    Alex Chediak
  8. 5 min

    Ligonier National Conference - Derek Thomas

    Derek W.H. Thomas is the John Richards Professor of Practical and Systematic Theology at Reformed Theological Seminary in Jackson, Miss. He is also the minister of teaching at First Presbyterian Church in Jackson and editorial director for The Alliance of Confessing Evangelicals. Among Dr. Thomas' many books are God Strengthens: Ezekiel Properly Explained, Mining for Wisdom, and Calvin's Teaching on Job.
    Dr. Thomas, addressing the topic Be Ye Holy: The Necessity of Sanctification, took us to I Peter 1:13-25.
    INTRODUCTION
    It is one thing to talk about the holiness of God and another thing to long for holiness in our own life. Consider the "third use" of the law (as a guide). Or Luther's refrain: We are saved by faith alone, but not by a faith that is alone. Or James: Faith without works is dead.
    But ours is a man-centered age. We like books on how to be a good father or how to improve your diet, rather than how to be holy and Christ-like. And in our circles, we can get caught up with theological issues and miss the point that the goal of all theology is to drive us into a holiness of life. R. Murray Mc'Chenye's great statement has been noted: "My people's greatest need is my personal holiness." This is serious business because without holiness, the author of Hebrews tells us, no one will see the Lord. ** MORAL IMPERATIVES ARE BASED ON GOSPEL INDICATIVES**
    We see "therefore" at the start of our passage. Why? Because Peter is basing his moral imperatives on gospel indicatives. Confuse those two and you've confused the gospel. In the first two verses of I Peter we see that being addressed are "the elect exiles." And to what end? "Sanctification of the Spirit, for obedience to Jesus Christ." We are saved in order to be holy.
    Notice how Trinitarian Peter is: "foreknowledge of God the Father, in the sanctification of the Spirit, for obedience to Jesus Christ." Each member of the Godhead works in concert with the others in foreordination and execution of salvation. What have we been called to? "An inheritance that is imperishable, undefiled, and unfading....joy that is inexpressible and filled with glory." We are to be holy because we've been brought into this relationship with God.
    We are to think in Christian ways - in biblical ways. The battle begins in our minds. Dr. Thomas recalls visiting Geoffrey Thomas in Alfred Place, Aberystwyth, rising early and reading John Owen on indwelling sin. John Owen used to talk about "the default state" of your mind: what does your mind revert to when it is not being pushed in one direction or another. That is the indicator of your spiritual mindedness.
    We see three motivations for holiness in I Peter 1:13-25.
    MOTIVATION I: THE HOLINESS OF GOD
    In verse 15-16 Peter cites the text from the holiness code: "you shall be holy, for I am holy." This gives us both a motivation and a standard for holiness. Because the members of the God-head are holy, God's people

    Alex Chediak
  9. 19 min

    God’s Will and Your Job

    appearing in a burning bush and giving a specific set of marching orders. Instead, He usually calls us inwardly and by means of giving us the gifts and talents and aspirations that we have. His invisible sovereign will is certainly working in the background to prepare us for useful tasks in His vineyard.
    The External Call from People
    In addition to the inner call of God, we recognize that there is such a thing as an external call to labor, a call that comes from people who request our services for their particular mission or purpose. We may be called by the church to be preachers or by a company to be foremen or shippers. Every time an organization places a want ad in a newspaper, a human call is going out for able workers to come and match their gifts and talents to a presented need.
    Some Christians have argued that the need always constitutes the call. They say that there is a need for evangelists in the world and therefore everyone should be an evangelist. I agree that we must consider the needs of the kingdom of God as we make vocational decisions. However, the very fact that the world needs evangelists does not necessarily imply that everyone in the world is called to be an evangelist. Again the New Testament makes it clear that not all are called to be preachers or administrators. The church is composed of people with a diversity of gifts, talents, and vocations. We must not make a simplistic, passive assumption that the need constitutes the call.
    Certainly the presence of a need requires that the people of God strive to meet that need. However, it does not necessarily mean that people who are not equipped to meet the need are thereby forced into the gap. For example, it is every Christian’s responsibility to help carry out the mandate for evangelism. It is not every Christian’s responsibility to be an evangelist. I am not an evangelist, though I contribute to evangelism by teaching evangelists theology and by contributing money for the church’s task of evangelism. I do those things so that those who do have the gift and the motivation can be called out, trained, equipped and sent into the world as evangelists. I participate in the responsibility of the body of Christ to see that the task is met, but I myself am not the one who delivers the goods as the practicing evangelist. I could say the same regarding a host of other vocations.
    How do others affect our vocational calling? We do need to listen to the community of believers and friends. Sometimes our gifts and abilities are more evident to those around us than they are to ourselves. The counsel of many and the evaluation of the group are important considerations in our search for our vocation. However, we must put up a red flag of warning. The group’s judgment is not always correct. The fact that a particular individual or group thinks

    R.C. Sproul
  10. The Seed of Abraham

    One of the most contentious issues in modern American Christianity centers on the proper identity of the “seed” of Abraham. The question may be stated this way: Who are the rightful heirs of the covenant promises to the father of the faith? There are two fundamental approaches to this question, each leading to a diametrically opposite conclusion. Dispensationalists today urge a literal interpretation of the “seed” of Abraham and disparage as “replacement” theology the historical Christian teaching that the promises to Abraham are received by personal faith in Christ irrespective of any particularity of flesh.
    The synagogue of the first century similarly boasted in the physical descent of a literal “seed,” claiming “we have Abraham as our father” (Luke 3:8). John the Baptist summarily dismissed the literal interpretation, stating “God is able from these stones to raise up children for Abraham” (Luke 3:8). The apostle Paul moreover insisted on a spiritual interpretation of the “seed,” claiming “not all who are descended from Israel belong to Israel” (Rom. 9:6). In fact, Paul expressly interprets the “seed” to whom Abraham’s promises were given to refer to Christ alone (Gal. 3:16). The apostle states that all who have the faith of Abraham are blessed with Abraham and are regarded as heirs because they are in Christ, the true “seed” of Abraham (Gal. 3:7–9).
    That the true Israel is a spiritual rather than a physical community is a consistent teaching in the Old Testament as well as the New. We are taught this from the very beginning.
    The circumcision sign of the Abrahamic covenant was given to everyone in Abraham’s household, whether born of Abraham or purchased for money (Gen. 17:12–14). Thus, from the beginning we are taught that the blessings of the covenant are broader than the physical lineage of Abraham alone. Moreover, neither Abraham’s son Ishmael nor his grandson Esau, who are counted among Abraham’s physical descendants, partook in the blessings of the covenant. Therefore, the covenantal promises to Abraham are at once both broader and narrower than the literal lineage of Abraham, making a strictly literal understanding of the “seed” promise untenable, just as the apostle Paul reasoned.
    The spiritual constitution of the true Israel (Ps. 73:1, 1 Kings 19:18, Isa. 10:20–22) is demonstrated many times in the Old Testament. No one could presume upon an Abrahamic lineage to guarantee covenantal entitlement, nor did anyone outside of Abraham’s family need to despair of God’s gospel mercy.
    The constitution of Israel according to faith and not flesh is illustrated in a most dramatic manner during Joshua’s battle at Jericho. When Joshua was contemplating the battle, he unexpectedly saw the angel of the Lord before Jericho. Joshua confronted the angel and demanded, “Are you for us or for our adversaries?” The commander of the army of the Lord answered, “No” (Josh. 5:13–14). What an answer to rebuke any partisanship on the part of Joshua! The reason for this unexpected answer is apparent in light of what followed. Rahab the Canaanitess and her household were to be delivered by

    Warren Gage
  11. 2 min

    5 Recommended Resources on the Lord’s Day

    Sunday is widely recognized as the day on which Christians attend church. But beyond that, confusion exists regarding how we should view the Lord’s Day. What relation, if any, exists between the Old Testament Sabbath and our worship today? Does the New Testament teach the uniqueness of the Lord’s Day, or are all days to be viewed the same? The following resources, curated by the Ligonier editorial team, seek to answer these questions and can help believers better understand this day of worship.
    The Sabbath as Rest and Hope for the People of God by Guy Prentiss Waters
    This book provides an introductory study of the Sabbath from the creation of the world to the consummation of all things at Christ’s return, showing how the Sabbath is observed through the major themes and genres of the Bible—creation, law, prophets, Christ, and new creation. Waters notes that the Sabbath is intricately tied to rest and worship, both of which ultimately point to the Lord as our Creator and Redeemer.
    The Christian Sabbath by Terry L. Johnson 
    Sunday was once considered a day of rest and worship in America, but now most people treat it just like any other day of the week. What led to that change? How should we think about the Lord’s Day? These questions and others are addressed in this book, which draws out the teaching of Scripture and provides practical recommendations to help Christians experience the benefits and blessings of the special day God has given us.
    The Lord’s Day: Sabbath Worship and Rest by W. Robert Godfrey
    Why do Christians worship on Sunday? How is worship on the first day of the week connected to the fourth commandment? Isn’t the Sabbath the seventh day of the week and not the first? In this 6-part teaching series, Dr. Godfrey surveys the theology, history, practice, and biblical teaching behind the Lord’s Day so that we might devote this day to the One to whom it rightly belongs.
    The Lord’s Day by Joseph A. Pipa Jr.
    Many of the issues surrounding Sunday worship are considered unclear, optional, or divisive, which can result in Christians ignoring the subject entirely. But nothing could be more important than worshiping our Lord in the way He desires. Are we missing out on God’s blessing by the way we celebrate the Lord’s Day? Are we too legalistic, or are we too lax? These and other questions are answered in The Lord’s Day.
    The Day of Worship: Reassessing the Christian Life in Light of the Sabbath by Ryan McGraw
    Many books have been written on the day of rest, yet many believers still do not observe this holy day. In this book, McGraw lays out the biblical basis for the Sabbath, including discussions on Isaiah 58, worldliness, legalism, the Reformed application of the law, and practical observations.

    Karrie Hahn
  12. One God, Two Testaments

    Like me, many of you reading this article did not grow up in a church that is part of the Reformed tradition. You did not have the benefit of being catechized in the Westminster Standards or the Heidelberg Catechism. Calvinism may have been a dirty word, if not in your home, then in your church. You have come to embrace the doctrines of grace after years of personal study because you have been unable to deny the truth of divine election, which is found throughout Scripture.
    My journey into the Reformed tradition followed this path, but it was not only the doctrines of grace that led me to sit under John Calvin, the Westminster Divines, B.B. Warfield, R.C. Sproul, and others as theological mentors. In fact, I often think that the Holy Spirit used my interest in the Old Testament more than anything else to help me see and accept the biblical truths summarized in Reformed theology.
    When I speak of the Spirit’s use of the Old Testament, I am not referring to the plain descriptions of divine providence, election, and so on found therein. The Old Testament does teach the doctrines of grace, but this is not what attracted me to Reformed theology in the first place. Instead, the Reformed tradition’s comprehensive appreciation for the Old Testament and its understanding of the continuity between the old and new covenants is what drew me in. Many of the teachers and authority figures I had while growing up had a tendency to frown upon the old covenant Scriptures. There was no direct disparaging of the Old Testament; nevertheless, this part of the Bible was often thought to be in conflict with the New Testament. No serious attempt was ever made to explain how the Old Testament is to guide the life of the believer today. To make matters worse, when I had a question about a specific old covenant text, I was told not to worry about it, because “those passages in the Old Testament are not for the church.”
    These attitudes and approaches were not satisfying to me because I knew that the Law and Prophets are God’s Word to His people even today. Reformed theology attracted me because out of all of the competing Christian traditions it does the best job of summarizing the New Testament’s teaching on the Old Testament. Through distinguishing between law and gospel, I found that Reformed theologians do not separate the two, understanding that both law and gospel are present in every book of the Bible. The penetrating insight into the Ten Commandments in Reformed documents like the Westminster Confession of Faith showed me how Calvinists understand that the Law is not some afterthought or something easily relegated to a bygone era. God’s eternal precepts are found within the old covenant commandments, and I was thrilled to see that Reformed theologians are willing to do the hard work to search out these principles and apply them to us today. No other theological system addresses these topics with such

    Robert Rothwell
  13. Tabletalk
    Daily Study

    One God, Two Testaments

    Like me, many of you reading this article did not grow up in a church that is part of the Reformed tradition. You did not have the benefit of being catechized in the Westminster Standards or the Heidelberg Catechism. Calvinism may have been a dirty word, if not in your home, then in your church. You have come to embrace the doctrines of grace after years of personal study because you have been unable to deny the truth of divine election, which is found throughout Scripture. My journey into the Reformed tradition followed this path, but it was not only the doctrines of grace that led me to sit under John Calvin, the Westminster Divines, B.B. Warfield, R.C. Sproul, and others as theological mentors. In fact, I often think that the Holy Spirit used my interest in the Old Testament more than anything else to help me see and accept the biblical truths summarized in Reformed theology. When I speak of the Spirit’s use of the Old Testament, I am not referring to the plain descriptions of divine providence, election, and so on found therein. The Old Testament does teach the doctrines of grace, but this is not what attracted me to Reformed theology in the first place. Instead, the Reformed tradition’s comprehensive appreciation for the Old Testament and its understanding of the continuity between the old and new covenants is what drew me in. Many of the teachers and authority figures I had while growing up had a tendency to frown upon the old covenant Scriptures. There was no direct disparaging of the Old Testament; nevertheless, this part of the Bible was often thought to be in conflict with the New Testament. No serious attempt was ever made to explain how the Old Testament is to guide the life of the believer today. To make matters worse, when I had a question about a specific old covenant text, I was told not to worry about it, because “those passages in the Old Testament are not for the church.” These attitudes and approaches were not satisfying to me because I knew that the Law and Prophets are God’s Word to His people even today. Reformed theology attracted me because out of all of the competing Christian traditions it does the best job of summarizing the New Testament’s teaching on the Old Testament. Through distinguishing between law and gospel, I found that Reformed theologians do not separate the two, understanding that both law and gospel are present in every book of the Bible. The penetrating insight into the Ten Commandments in Reformed documents like the Westminster Confession of Faith showed me how Calvinists understand that the Law is not some afterthought or something easily relegated to a bygone era. God’s eternal precepts are found within the old covenant commandments, and I was thrilled to see that Reformed theologians are willing to do the hard work to search out these principles and apply them to us today. No other theological system addresses these
    Tabletalk
  14. 2 min

    The Sources of Systematic Theology

    The principal source for the systematic theologian is the Bible. In fact, the Bible is the primary source for all three theological disciplines: biblical theology, historical theology, and systematic theology.
    Biblical Theology
    The task of biblical theology is to consider the data of Scripture as it unfolds over time, and this work serves as a source for the systematic theologian. A biblical scholar goes through the Scriptures and studies the progressive development of terms, concepts, and themes in both the Old and New Testament to see how they are used and understood over the course of the history of revelation.
    A problem in seminaries today is a method of doing biblical theology called "atomism," in which every "atom" of Scripture stands alone. One scholar might decide to limit himself to studying only Paul's doctrine of salvation in Galatians, while another focuses exclusively on Paul's teaching on salvation in Ephesians. The result is that each comes up with a different view of salvation—one from Galatians and another from Ephesians—but there is a failure to examine how the two views harmonize. The presupposition is that Paul was not inspired by God when he wrote Galatians and Ephesians, so there is no overarching unity, no coherence, to the Word of God. In recent years, it has been common to hear theologians claim that we find not only differences in theology between "early" Paul and "late" Paul, but also as many theologies in the Bible as there are authors. There is Peter's theology, John's theology, Paul's theology, and Luke's theology, and they do not fit together. That is a negative view of the coherence of Scripture, and it is the danger when one focuses only on a narrow piece of the Bible without at the same time considering the whole framework of the biblical revelation.
    Historical Theology
    The second discipline, another source for systematic theology, is historical theology. Historical theologians look at how doctrine has developed in the life of the church historically, primarily at crisis points—when heresies emerged and the church responded. Theologians today become frustrated when so-called brand-new controversies arise in churches and seminaries, because the church has experienced each of these seemingly fresh theological disputes time and time again in the past. The church historically has met in councils to settle disputes, such as at the Council of Nicea (AD 325) and the Council of Chalcedon (AD 451). Studying those events is the function of historical theologians.
    Systematic Theology
    The third discipline is systematic theology. The systematician's job is to look at the source of biblical data; the sources of the historical developments that come through controversies and church councils and their subsequent creeds and confessions; and the insights of the great minds with which the church has been blessed over the centuries. The New Testament tells us that God in His grace has given teachers to the church (Eph. 4:11–12). Not all teachers are as astute as Augustine, Martin Luther, John Calvin, or Jonathan Edwards. Such men do not have Apostolic authority, but the sheer magnitude of

    R.C. Sproul
  15. 6 min

    Deep Theology

    and shows it to us. Later, when we have the privilege of overhearing our Lord's prayer, Jesus similarly speaks about the intimacy of fellowship with God that sustained Him so wonderfully: "You, Father, are in me, and I in you" (John 17:21).
    This is deep theology indeed. Yet virtually the profoundest statement we can make about God is that the Father is "in" the Son and the Son "in" the Father. It seems so simple that a child can see it. For what word can be simpler than in?
    Yet this is also so profound that the best of minds cannot fathom it. For whenever we seek to contemplate the one person of the Father, we find we cannot do so without thinking of His Son (for He cannot be a father without a son). Neither can we contemplate this Son apart from the Father (for He cannot be a fatherless son). All this is possible only because the Spirit illumines who the Son really is as the One through whom alone we can come to the Father.
    Thus, our minds simultaneously swell with delight at this threeness in unity and yet are stretched beyond their capacities by the notion of the unity in the threeness. Almost as staggering is the fact that Jesus reveals and teaches all this to be the most life-steadying, poise-giving, heart-comforting, and even joy-giving gospel truth (15:11).
    The Trinity is so vast in significance because it can bring comfort to men driven to the edge by the atmosphere of sorrow about to engulf them. The triune One is greater in glory, deeper in mystery, and more beautiful in harmony than all other realities in creation. No tragedy is too big to overwhelm Him; nothing incomprehensible to us is so to Him, whose very being is incomprehensible to us. There is no darkness deeper than the depths of the inbeing of God.
    It is perhaps understandable, then, that Jonathan Edwards could write in his Personal Narrative: God has appeared glorious to me, on account of the Trinity. It has made me have exalting thoughts of God, that he subsists in three persons; Father, Son and Holy Ghost. The sweetest joys and delights I have experienced, have not been those that have arisen from a hope of my own good estate; but in a direct view of the glorious things of the gospel. When I enjoy this sweetness, it seems to carry me above the thoughts of my own estate; it seems at such times a loss that I cannot bear, to take off my eye from the glorious, pleasant object I behold without me, to turn my eye in upon myself, and my own good estate.
    But the revelation of the Trinity is in fact related to our "own good estate."
    The Wonder of the Union disclosed
    The point of Jesus' teaching is not merely to stun our minds or stir our imaginations. It is to give us a sense of the vast privilege of union with Him.
    From the very beginning of these few

    Sinclair Ferguson
  16. 1 min

    Does every person need a specific divine calling to do their job?

    I believe that every person who is a Christian and is seeking to serve God in whatever they are doing is fulfilling a calling in the service of God.
    The idea of calling relative to the ministry and to other activities of life can sometimes be turned into a very mystic kind of thing. That is, in order to be a minister you have to have some kind of tingly feeling, or experience of a voice, or other sorts of things. That is not what classically Reformed theology has taught, yet there is certainly a teaching that God draws people to the ministry in a special way.
    Those who are not drawn to the ministry ought to see their work as a service to God and, in that sense, a calling from God. That doesn’t necessarily mean the high school student should sit around wondering, “Am I called to be a janitor? Am I called to be an auto mechanic? Am I called to be an insurance salesman?” I don’t think you should wait passively for the Lord to whisper the answer to that question. We ought to be active in the service of the Lord.
    Most of the time the Lord is calling us to do what we’re interested in and good at. I remember years ago hearing a very distinguished professor who said that a great American failing is to ask constantly, “What do I want to do?” while we ought to ask more frequently, “What am I good at?” If you do what you’re good at, you’re much more likely to be happy than if you do something you want to do but aren’t any good at.

    W. Robert Godfrey
  17. 3 min

    A Theology of the Home

    places for developing excellence in every area of life. Our view of productivity is inextricably linked to our view of piety. The reason is simple: the dividing wall between the private and the public is meaningless before the eyes of an all-knowing God (Job 34:21). In all of our conduct, we are to be holy as He is holy (1 Peter 1:15).
    The home is not a neutral zone for acting upon baseless desires, nor is it simply a bastion for maintaining traditional values. One of the primary purposes of the home is to cultivate Christlike virtues that animate who we are in private and facilitate what we do in public. When the Apostle Paul addressed the households in the church of Colossae, he instructed wives, husbands, children, masters, and servants alike to put to death the exploits of the flesh, put on the qualities of Christ, and do everything in word and deed for the glory of God (Col. 3:1–4:1). In his letter to the Ephesians, Paul sandwiches his instructions to households between teaching on devotion and worship (Eph. 5:1–21) and spiritual warfare (6:1–20). And the Apostle Peter prefaces his comments to families with an extended discussion on the church (1 Peter 2:1–11; 2:12–3:8), an important reminder that home life can never be isolated from church life.
    This side of heaven, home should be a place where faith, hope, and love flourish. Faith in the sure work of Christ crucified and resurrected. Hope in the power of the gospel to overcome the world, the flesh, and the devil. And love for a triune God whose glory and beauty knows no end. The Christian home in a fallen world is a place of rooted optimism. Rooted in the place where God has called us and optimistic about a far greater place He is preparing for us. The home front is the forlorn battlefield of the cultural wars. In our strivings to defend the gospel against doctrinal decline in the church and increasing secularism in the culture, we must not forget the importance of cultivating virtue in the home. For the church to remain a city on the hill, the light of the gospel must shine brightly in the home.

    John Tweeddale
  18. 59:47

    Theology in Dialogue with R.C. Sproul and Derek Thomas (January 2016)

    On Friday, January 15, 2016, Dr. Sproul was joined by Ligonier teaching fellow Dr. Derek Thomas for a relaxed and informative evening of theology and dialogue. These notable theologians and pastors answered questions submitted through social media and from a live audience at Saint Andrew's Chapel in Sanford, FL. The topics addressed included God's nature, Islam, finding a local church, Scripture, and more.

    Questions:

    1. Does God choose not to lie, or does His nature dictate that He cannot lie? (02:58)
    2. What's the greatest challenge to biblical Christianity today? (03:19)
    3. Can Christians truly have assurance of salvation? (03:51)
    4. Were Adam and Eve saved? (04:31)
    5. Why does the church argue against head coverings using first-century culture when Paul argues from Genesis? (05:06)
    6. What is your favorite hymn and why? (07:13)
    7. How did they determine approximate dates for various books in the Bible? (08:00)
    8. Was the average Old Testament Jew able to gain a complete understanding of the Trinity? (10:35)
    9. Do you believe that we are headed to a point in which the government will require churches to perform "same-sex" marriages? (13:10)
    10. Why is wisdom personified as female? (16:10)
    11. Do Muslims and Christians worship the same God? (16:50)
    12. Do you believe that Christians need to do a better job of defending their faith (especially as it relates to Islam)? (19:00)
    13. Is there any support for complementarianism in the creation account prior to the fall? (20:23)
    14. Did Jesus, during His earthly ministry, have the ability to sin? (22:40)
    15. Does Scripture provide hope for a child who turns away from Christ as a young college student? (25:24)
    16. If the reformers like Calvin and Luther didn’t state explicitly their end times views, what would be their presumed view in your eyes? (28:38)
    17. Have either of you changed your eschatological views? (31:45)
    18. If you had a moment with one of today’s prosperity preachers, what would you say? (32:40)
    19. What doctrine in the Bible do you find the most difficult to accept and why? (33:31)
    20. Are both of you hopeful for another awakening in our age? (35:36)
    21. In Acts 2:38 it says that baptism is for the forgiveness of sins. What do you believe about this and why? (37:49)
    22. What makes a church good and how do you find one? (39:36)
    23. Does the incarnation mean that God has changed in space and time from that point on? If not, why and how do we respond to the question? (43:59)
    24. Did the death of Jesus accomplish anything for the non-elect? (46:31)
    25. What would you say to a Christian who doesn’t believe in the inerrancy of Scripture? (48:14)
    26. What is blasphemy of the Holy Spirit? (49:43)
    27. Can good theology and sound doctrine become an idol? (52:53)
    28. How have the truths from your series "Surprised by Suffering” been a comfort for you as you have dealt with health issues? (56:19)
    Note: Answers given reflect the views of the individual speakers and do not necessarily reflect the views of Dr. R.C. Sproul and Ligonier Ministries. Here is our Statement of Faith.

  19. 3 min

    Fuel the Spread of Bible Teaching around the World

    You likely have great affection for your pastor. Most Christians do. It is fitting that we love and support pastors. As Christ’s undershepherds, they feed us with the life-giving truth of God’s Word.
    When you give a gift of any amount to Ligonier Ministries this month, you will get a taste of the feast that Dr. R.C. Sproul provided to His congregation, because we’ll send you his new commentary on Ephesians as soon as it comes off the presses in the new year. More on that below.
    At Ligonier, I worked under the leadership of Dr. Sproul for thirteen years before he went home to be with the Lord. But R.C. was not only my teacher, mentor, overseer, and friend—he was my pastor. I always learned something when I sat down with him, whether in a Q&A session at a conference or during a staff meeting at Ligonier. However, I learned the most from him when my family and I sat under his preaching ministry at Saint Andrew’s Chapel every Lord’s Day.
    Week after week, R.C. took the congregation verse by verse through whole books of the Bible. He was committed to expository preaching, covering the entirety of a particular book of Scripture before moving on to the next. R.C. did this to make sure we received the whole counsel of God and not merely whatever topic was on his mind. He explained the text, probed its theology, and gave practical application of the verses he was preaching in light of the rest of Scripture.
    R.C. embedded a concern for everything the Bible teaches into the DNA of Ligonier. That’s why, in all of Ligonier’s teaching, we strive to bring people back to the Word of God, the only infallible source of saving truth that the Lord has given us.
    R.C. said, “We have to determine our theology from the Word of God, not from what we feel.” We don’t determine what we believe about God by looking to the culture or considering what we’d like the Bible to teach. In this way, R.C. regularly reminded us that it is our job to proclaim what the Bible teaches above all else.
    God’s people go astray when they stop looking to the Bible as the supreme authority for life and doctrine. Thus, Ligonier continues to make sound Bible exposition the center of our work.
    Our commitment to teaching the Bible is the reason we publish a monthly Bible study magazine, Tabletalk, that does more than give readers a good thought for the day. It’s why Dr. Sproul assembled a team of scholars to produce the Reformation Study Bible and why we’re working to make this unparalleled resource available in many of the most-spoken languages in the world.
    Additionally, Ligonier hosts conferences because we want to teach the Bible in person, and we record and distribute teaching series to assist Sunday school teachers, Bible study leaders, homeschool instructors, and others in teaching God’s Word. We’ve made Ligonier.org a daily destination for Bible study so that families and churches

    Chris Larson

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